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πŸ™οΈ 100 Highest-Adoption US Solar Cities Β· Municipal Permits & Tariff Math

2026 Top 100 US Solar Cities: Local $/W Benchmarks, Permits & Payback

Municipal building permit timelines, local utility Time-of-Use tariffs, and door-to-door sales markups vary dramatically from city to city. Select your city below to inspect verified NREL sun hours, local permit fees, HOA solar access statutes, and fair turnkey cash pricing.

πŸ™οΈ California Cities (26) β†’πŸ™οΈ Texas Cities (20) β†’πŸ™οΈ Florida Cities (16) β†’πŸ™οΈ Arizona Cities (14) β†’πŸ™οΈ Colorado Cities (8) β†’πŸ™οΈ Nevada Cities (4) β†’πŸ™οΈ New York Cities (4) β†’πŸ™οΈ North Carolina Cities (4) β†’πŸ™οΈ New Jersey Cities (3) β†’πŸ™οΈ Illinois Cities (3) β†’πŸ™οΈ Ohio Cities (3) β†’πŸ™οΈ Massachusetts Cities (2) β†’πŸ™οΈ Pennsylvania Cities (2) β†’πŸ™οΈ Virginia Cities (2) β†’πŸ™οΈ South Carolina Cities (2) β†’πŸ™οΈ Georgia Cities (2) β†’πŸ™οΈ New Mexico Cities (1) β†’πŸ™οΈ Utah Cities (1) β†’πŸ™οΈ Maryland Cities (1) β†’πŸ™οΈ Oregon Cities (1) β†’πŸ™οΈ Washington Cities (1) β†’
City & StatePrimary Electric Utilityβ˜€οΈ Sun Hours⚑ Avg RateπŸ’° 10kW Fair Cash25-Yr Net SavingsCity Audit
Los Angeles, CALADWP / Southern California Edison (SCE)5.8 hrs/day$0.34/kWh$28,500+$207,606Inspect Los Angeles β†’
San Diego, CASan Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)5.9 hrs/day$0.68/kWh$28,600+$451,724Inspect San Diego β†’
San Jose, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) / San Jose Clean Energy5.6 hrs/day$0.56/kWh$29,000+$346,462Inspect San Jose β†’
San Francisco, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) / CleanPowerSF5.4 hrs/day$0.56/kWh$29,500+$332,548Inspect San Francisco β†’
Fresno, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)6 hrs/day$0.54/kWh$28,000+$359,896Inspect Fresno β†’
Sacramento, CASMUD (Sacramento Municipal Utility District)5.7 hrs/day$0.24/kWh$28,200+$135,577Inspect Sacramento β†’
Long Beach, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)5.8 hrs/day$0.49/kWh$28,500+$311,755Inspect Long Beach β†’
Oakland, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) / Ava Community Energy5.5 hrs/day$0.56/kWh$29,200+$339,533Inspect Oakland β†’
Bakersfield, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)6.1 hrs/day$0.54/kWh$27,800+$366,558Inspect Bakersfield β†’
Anaheim, CAAnaheim Public Utilities / SCE5.8 hrs/day$0.26/kWh$28,400+$152,134Inspect Anaheim β†’
Stockton, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)5.7 hrs/day$0.54/kWh$28,100+$340,410Inspect Stockton β†’
Riverside, CARiverside Public Utilities / SCE6 hrs/day$0.28/kWh$28,200+$172,923Inspect Riverside β†’
Irvine, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)5.8 hrs/day$0.51/kWh$28,600+$325,515Inspect Irvine β†’
Santa Ana, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)5.8 hrs/day$0.51/kWh$28,500+$325,615Inspect Santa Ana β†’
Chula Vista, CASan Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)5.9 hrs/day$0.68/kWh$28,600+$451,724Inspect Chula Vista β†’
Fremont, CAPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)5.6 hrs/day$0.56/kWh$28,900+$346,562Inspect Fremont β†’
Santa Clarita, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)6 hrs/day$0.51/kWh$28,400+$337,926Inspect Santa Clarita β†’
San Bernardino, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)6.1 hrs/day$0.50/kWh$28,000+$337,167Inspect San Bernardino β†’
Modesto, CAModesto Irrigation District (MID) / PG&E5.8 hrs/day$0.29/kWh$27,900+$173,490Inspect Modesto β†’
Fontana, CASouthern California Edison (SCE)6 hrs/day$0.50/kWh$28,000+$331,151Inspect Fontana β†’
Moreno Valley, CAMoreno Valley Utility / SCE6 hrs/day$0.48/kWh$28,000+$316,801Inspect Moreno Valley β†’
Oceanside, CASan Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)5.9 hrs/day$0.68/kWh$28,600+$451,724Inspect Oceanside β†’
Houston, TXCenterPoint Energy (ERCOT Retail REP Buyback)4.9 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,200+$73,537Inspect Houston β†’
San Antonio, TXCPS Energy (Municipal Net Billing + Rebate)5.3 hrs/day$0.14/kWh$25,800+$63,018Inspect San Antonio β†’
Dallas, TXOncor Electric Delivery (ERCOT Solar Buyback)5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,200+$79,642Inspect Dallas β†’
Austin, TXAustin Energy (Value of Solar Tariff + $2,500 Rebate)5.3 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,400+$75,120Inspect Austin β†’
Fort Worth, TXOncor Electric Delivery (ERCOT Solar Buyback)5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,100+$79,742Inspect Fort Worth β†’
El Paso, TXEl Paso Electric6.4 hrs/day$0.14/kWh$25,600+$81,668Inspect El Paso β†’
Arlington, TXOncor Electric Delivery5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,100+$79,742Inspect Arlington β†’
Corpus Christi, TXAEP Texas Central (ERCOT Buyback)5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,000+$79,842Inspect Corpus Christi β†’
Plano, TXOncor Electric Delivery / CoServ5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,200+$79,642Inspect Plano β†’
Lubbock, TXLP&L (ERCOT Competitive Retail Market)5.8 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,900+$85,201Inspect Lubbock β†’
Laredo, TXAEP Texas5.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,900+$77,536Inspect Laredo β†’
Irving, TXOncor Electric Delivery5.2 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,100+$79,742Inspect Irving β†’
Garland, TXGarland Power & Light / Oncor5.2 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,000+$67,364Inspect Garland β†’
Frisco, TXCoServ Electric / Oncor5.2 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,300+$73,303Inspect Frisco β†’
McKinney, TXOncor / CoServ Electric5.2 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,200+$73,403Inspect McKinney β†’
Round Rock, TXOncor Electric Delivery5.3 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,100+$81,748Inspect Round Rock β†’
Phoenix, AZArizona Public Service (APS) / Salt River Project (SRP)6.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$25,800+$106,470Inspect Phoenix β†’
Tucson, AZTucson Electric Power (TEP)6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,700+$98,815Inspect Tucson β†’
Mesa, AZSalt River Project (SRP) / City of Mesa6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,800+$98,715Inspect Mesa β†’
Chandler, AZSalt River Project (SRP) / APS6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,800+$98,715Inspect Chandler β†’
Gilbert, AZSalt River Project (SRP) / APS6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,800+$98,715Inspect Gilbert β†’
Glendale, AZArizona Public Service (APS) / SRP6.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$25,800+$106,470Inspect Glendale β†’
Scottsdale, AZArizona Public Service (APS) / SRP6.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,200+$106,070Inspect Scottsdale β†’
Peoria, AZArizona Public Service (APS) / SRP6.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$25,800+$106,470Inspect Peoria β†’
Tempe, AZSalt River Project (SRP) / APS6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,800+$98,715Inspect Tempe β†’
Surprise, AZArizona Public Service (APS)6.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$25,700+$106,570Inspect Surprise β†’
Jacksonville, FLJEA (Municipal Net Billing + Battery Policy)5.2 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,200+$67,164Inspect Jacksonville β†’
Miami, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL 1:1 Net Metering)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,600+$78,752Inspect Miami β†’
Tampa, FLTampa Electric (TECO 1:1 Net Metering)5.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,400+$77,036Inspect Tampa β†’
Orlando, FLOUC (Orlando Utilities Commission) / Duke Energy FL5.3 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,300+$75,220Inspect Orlando β†’
St. Petersburg, FLDuke Energy Florida (1:1 Net Metering)5.4 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,400+$83,498Inspect St. Petersburg β†’
Hialeah, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,500+$78,852Inspect Hialeah β†’
Port St. Lucie, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL)5.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,300+$77,136Inspect Port St. Lucie β†’
Cape Coral, FLLCEC (Lee County Electric Cooperative)5.5 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,300+$72,457Inspect Cape Coral β†’
Tallahassee, FLCity of Tallahassee Utilities5.2 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,100+$67,264Inspect Tallahassee β†’
Fort Lauderdale, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,600+$78,752Inspect Fort Lauderdale β†’
Pembroke Pines, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,500+$78,852Inspect Pembroke Pines β†’
Clearwater, FLDuke Energy Florida5.4 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,400+$83,498Inspect Clearwater β†’
Las Vegas, NVNV Energy (75% Net Metering + Storage Rebate)6.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,400+$96,199Inspect Las Vegas β†’
Henderson, NVNV Energy6.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,400+$96,199Inspect Henderson β†’
North Las Vegas, NVNV Energy6.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,300+$96,299Inspect North Las Vegas β†’
Reno, NVNV Energy (Northern Nevada)6.1 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,600+$90,250Inspect Reno β†’
Denver, COXcel Energy Colorado (Solar*Rewards + Battery Rebate)5.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$28,200+$83,748Inspect Denver β†’
Colorado Springs, COColorado Springs Utilities5.6 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$27,900+$72,684Inspect Colorado Springs β†’
Aurora, COXcel Energy Colorado5.5 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$28,100+$83,848Inspect Aurora β†’
Fort Collins, COFort Collins Utilities5.4 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$28,000+$68,974Inspect Fort Collins β†’
Albuquerque, NMPNM (Public Service Co. of New Mexico 1:1 Net Metering)6.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,600+$95,999Inspect Albuquerque β†’
Salt Lake City, UTRocky Mountain Power (Schedule 137 + Wattsmart Battery)5.6 hrs/day$0.14/kWh$26,800+$67,054Inspect Salt Lake City β†’
New York City, NYCon Edison (1:1 Net Metering + NY-Sun + 25% State Credit)4.4 hrs/day$0.34/kWh$29,400+$149,708Inspect New York City β†’
Buffalo, NYNational Grid NY4.1 hrs/day$0.21/kWh$28,800+$74,279Inspect Buffalo β†’
Rochester, NYRG&E (Rochester Gas & Electric)4.1 hrs/day$0.22/kWh$28,800+$79,182Inspect Rochester β†’
Yonkers, NYCon Edison4.4 hrs/day$0.33/kWh$29,200+$144,649Inspect Yonkers β†’
Newark, NJPSE&G (1:1 Net Metering + NJ SuSI $85 SREC-II)4.5 hrs/day$0.22/kWh$28,600+$89,943Inspect Newark β†’
Jersey City, NJPSE&G (NJ SuSI SREC-II)4.5 hrs/day$0.22/kWh$28,700+$89,843Inspect Jersey City β†’
Paterson, NJPSE&G (NJ SuSI SREC-II)4.5 hrs/day$0.22/kWh$28,600+$89,943Inspect Paterson β†’
Boston, MAEversource MA (1:1 Net Metering + SMART + ConnectedSolutions)4.4 hrs/day$0.32/kWh$29,400+$139,146Inspect Boston β†’
Worcester, MANational Grid MA (SMART + ConnectedSolutions)4.4 hrs/day$0.31/kWh$29,200+$134,087Inspect Worcester β†’
Philadelphia, PAPECO Energy (1:1 Net Metering + PA SRECs)4.5 hrs/day$0.20/kWh$28,200+$79,559Inspect Philadelphia β†’
Pittsburgh, PADuquesne Light (1:1 Net Metering + PA SRECs)4.2 hrs/day$0.19/kWh$28,100+$67,448Inspect Pittsburgh β†’
Baltimore, MDBGE (Baltimore Gas & Electric 1:1 + MD SRECs + Storage Credit)4.6 hrs/day$0.20/kWh$28,200+$81,921Inspect Baltimore β†’
Virginia Beach, VADominion Energy Virginia (1:1 Net Metering + VA SRECs)4.8 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$27,600+$64,338Inspect Virginia Beach β†’
Chesapeake, VADominion Energy Virginia4.8 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$27,600+$64,338Inspect Chesapeake β†’
Charlotte, NCDuke Energy Carolinas (Bridge Rate + $9,000 PowerPair Rebate)5 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$27,000+$62,799Inspect Charlotte β†’
Raleigh, NCDuke Energy Progress ($9,000 PowerPair Solar+Battery Rebate)5 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$27,000+$62,799Inspect Raleigh β†’
Greensboro, NCDuke Energy Carolinas5 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,900+$62,899Inspect Greensboro β†’
Durham, NCDuke Energy Carolinas / Progress5 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$27,000+$62,799Inspect Durham β†’
Charleston, SCDominion Energy SC (25% State Credit + Solar Choice)5.1 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$27,000+$70,687Inspect Charleston β†’
Columbia, SCDominion Energy SC (25% State Tax Credit)5.1 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,900+$70,787Inspect Columbia β†’
Atlanta, GAGeorgia Power (RNR Instantaneous Net Billing β€” Battery Essential)5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,800+$68,971Inspect Atlanta β†’
Savannah, GAGeorgia Power5.1 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,800+$70,887Inspect Savannah β†’
Chicago, ILComEd (1:1 Net Metering + ~$10.8k IL Shines Upfront SREC + Storage Rebate)4.4 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$28,400+$66,435Inspect Chicago β†’
Naperville, ILNaperville Electric / ComEd (IL Shines SREC)4.4 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$28,200+$61,332Inspect Naperville β†’
Aurora, ILComEd (IL Shines Upfront SREC)4.4 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$28,200+$66,635Inspect Aurora β†’
Columbus, OHAEP Ohio / Columbus Division of Power (OH SREC Market)4.3 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$27,800+$59,726Inspect Columbus β†’
Cincinnati, OHDuke Energy Ohio (Net Metering + OH SRECs)4.4 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$27,800+$61,732Inspect Cincinnati β†’
Cleveland, OHFirstEnergy (The Illuminating Co.) / Cleveland Public Power4.1 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$27,800+$55,626Inspect Cleveland β†’
Portland, ORPortland General Electric (PGE) / Pacific Power (1:1 + Energy Trust Rebate)4.1 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$28,200+$55,226Inspect Portland β†’
Seattle, WASeattle City Light (1:1 Retail Net Metering + Sales Tax Exempt)3.8 hrs/day$0.14/kWh$28,400+$35,284Inspect Seattle β†’
Katy, TXCenterPoint Energy (ERCOT Solar Buyback & Free Nights Plans)5.2 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$26,400+$96,400Inspect Katy β†’
The Woodlands, TXEntergy Texas / CenterPoint Energy5.1 hrs/day$0.17/kWh$26,800+$89,200Inspect The Woodlands β†’
Sugar Land, TXCenterPoint Energy (ERCOT Deregulated)5.2 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$26,500+$95,100Inspect Sugar Land β†’
Georgetown, TXGeorgetown Utility Systems / Pedernales Electric Cooperative (PEC)5.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,100+$88,700Inspect Georgetown β†’
Escondido, CASan Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) / Clean Energy Alliance6 hrs/day$0.68/kWh$28,400+$448,900Inspect Escondido β†’
Roseville, CARoseville Electric (Municipal Utility) / PG&E Gas5.7 hrs/day$0.24/kWh$27,600+$142,500Inspect Roseville β†’
Murrieta, CASouthern California Edison (SCE TOU-D-PRIME)6.1 hrs/day$0.44/kWh$27,900+$286,400Inspect Murrieta β†’
Temecula, CASouthern California Edison (SCE NEM 3.0 / Solar Billing Plan)6.1 hrs/day$0.44/kWh$28,000+$286,400Inspect Temecula β†’
Naples, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL β€” 1:1 Retail Net Metering)5.6 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,800+$96,800Inspect Naples β†’
Sarasota, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL β€” 1:1 Full Retail Net Metering)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$26,500+$94,200Inspect Sarasota β†’
Boca Raton, FLFlorida Power & Light (FPL β€” 1:1 Retail Net Metering)5.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$27,100+$95,600Inspect Boca Raton β†’
Lakeland, FLLakeland Electric (Municipal Demand-Rate Tariff) / TECO5.4 hrs/day$0.15/kWh$26,200+$88,900Inspect Lakeland β†’
Goodyear, AZArizona Public Service (APS β€” Time-of-Use 4pm–7pm + RCP Export)6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,600+$112,400Inspect Goodyear β†’
Buckeye, AZArizona Public Service (APS)6.5 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,500+$112,400Inspect Buckeye β†’
Queen Creek, AZSalt River Project (SRP E-27 Demand) / Arizona Public Service (APS)6.4 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,700+$109,500Inspect Queen Creek β†’
Prescott, AZArizona Public Service (APS)6.2 hrs/day$0.16/kWh$25,900+$108,200Inspect Prescott β†’
Boulder, COXcel Energy Colorado (1:1 Net Metering + Renewable Battery Connect)5.5 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$27,400+$109,800Inspect Boulder β†’
Lakewood, COXcel Energy Colorado (Time-of-Use 1:1 Net Metering)5.5 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$27,100+$108,200Inspect Lakewood β†’
Arvada, COXcel Energy Colorado5.5 hrs/day$0.18/kWh$27,000+$108,200Inspect Arvada β†’
Pueblo, COBlack Hills Energy Colorado / San Isabel Electric Association5.8 hrs/day$0.21/kWh$26,600+$135,600Inspect Pueblo β†’
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EG4 18kPV Inverter + 14.3kWh PowerPro WallMount

DIRECT HARDWARE COST~$8,200 – $9,500 (Hardware)
EST. PAYBACK4.2 – 5.5 yrs

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EST. PAYBACK4.5 – 6.0 yrs

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Best Budget Off-Grid & Hybrid KitRenogy Solar

Renogy 48V Off-Grid & Hybrid LFP Solar Kit

DIRECT HARDWARE COST~$3,200 – $4,800
EST. PAYBACK3.5 – 4.8 yrs

Complete modular 48V architecture combining high-efficiency N-type bifacial panels, a 48V 3,500W–5,000W MPPT inverter-charger, and smart modular LiFePO4 storage at ~$1.15/W hardware cost.

  • 48V High-Efficiency Bus (75% lower copper wire loss)
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